Basic Networking and Hacking Commands

Here I am going to tell some useful basics Commands for a Networking on a "Command Prompt"(CMD).
In case you don’t know how to get CMD open , then click on Start, then Run, then type “cmd" without quotes.

Lets start with some simple commands

1) ping :  It sends a message to a computer anywhere on the network/internet, and if the computer is connected you will get a response. If the computer is not connected to the network/internet you wont get a response.

Examples
ping  192.168.1.4  (192.168.1.4 is the IP address is you want to check whether it is connected or not )
or
ping  www.myworld.com
(www.myworld.com is the website you want to ping, if  you don’t know the IP).

There are many ption with this commands
ping  /? this help command give more option with description

2) nslookup : This command have different functionalities.  The name nslookup means "name server lookup".
This  is used find Domain Name System (DNS) details, including IP addresses of a particular computer, MX records for a domain and the NS servers of a domain.
 Examples
nslookup  www.google.com

Server:  mumns4.mtnl.net.in  (This is your nearest DNS server of your service provider with IP address)
Address:  59.185.3.12

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:    google.com           (This is a DNS server name of website you want to know)
Address:  209.85.153.104

Another function of nslookup is to find out mail server and its IP address
Now MX records(Mail eXchange record) is an entry in a DNS database that points to the mail server for that domain.In a small company, the MX record typically directs all e-mail to the same domain. However, a company may handle e-mail using a different domain name,in this case the MX record is configured route to the mail server.

nslookup (enter)
set type=mx (enter)
yahoo.com                 (This command will give you the mail servers IP address of yahoo.com.)

3) tracert : The tracert displays each host that a packet travels through as it tries to reach its destination.
each host is considered as hop you can see how many “hops” from the website you are way with this command:
Example
tracert  209.85.153.104
or
tracert  google.com



4)arp : This command display and modifies the IP to Physical Address translation table used by "Address Resolution Protocol".
Address Resolution Protocol protocol used to obtain a node's physical address. Suppose a node (source) wants to communicate with target node. Source sends arp request with target IP address target responds by sending its physical address.
Examples
arp -a    (Displays current ARP entries table.)

There are many option with this commands
arp /?   this help command give more option with description.


5)netstat (network statistics): is used  displays network connections (both incoming and outgoing), routing tables, and a number of network interface statistics.
Examples
 netstat  -a   (Displays all active TCP connections and the TCP and UDP ports on which the computer is  
               listening).

There are many option with this commands
netstat   /?   this help command give more option with description.

6) ipconfig :(internet protocol configuration) displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values like IP address ,subnet mask,gateway etc.
Examples
ipconfig  (display only the IP address, subnet mask and default gateway).
ipconfig  /all  (Display full configuration information including DHCP ,DNS address ,physical address etc.
ipconfig /release   (this will release your IP)
ipconfig /renew     (this will renew your iP)


There are many option with this commands
ipconfig  /?  this help command give more option with description.

7) nbtstat : This command will show you the netbios name of the target.
nbtstat is use to troubleshoot NetBIOS name resolution problems. When a network is functioning normally, NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT) resolves NetBIOS names to IP addresses. The nbtstat command removes and corrects preloaded entries.
Examples
 nbtstat  -a  computername  (displays local NetBIOS name table for that computer as well as the MAC
                                                address of the adapter card).
nbtstat -A  < IP address >  (command performs the same function using a target IP address rather than a
                                               name).
 nbtstat - c (option shows the contents of the NetBIOS name cache, which contains NetBIOS name-to-IP
                    address mappings).
nbtstat -n   (displays the names that have been registered locally on the system by NetBIOS applications
                    such as the server and redirector).
There are many option with this commands
nbtstat /?  this help command give more option with description.

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